Che Chuang was born in 1901 at Hamburg and grew up in Nuremberg where he studied there at the Kunstgewerbeschule. From 1924 to 1927 he lived in Munich and studied there from 1925 at the Kunstakademie. He moved to Berlin and stayed there until 1928 when he returned to Munich to become art director of a publishing firm. He remained there until 1933, at which point he was forced to flee to Paris, where he became politically engaged, sought contact with French artists and earned his living as a commercial artist. He was interned when the war broke out in 1939 and later served in the French army. In 1941 he went to the USA, worked in New York as an illustrator of books and magazines and made contact with New York artists and German emigrants. In 1948 he became an American citizen. In 1952 he began teaching at the Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, then in 1967 at Yale University School of Art and Architecture, New Haven. In 1965 he became Guest Professor at the Akademie fr Bildende Knste, Hamburg. His paintings at this time used the sexual symbolism of advertising and investigated definitions of gender roles in the media. Richard Lindner died in 1978. Museum References: Kresqe Art Museum, Neuberger Museum of Art, Saginaw Art Museum, Spencer Museum of Art, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Detroit Institute of Arts, The Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art